Extractions in Tsou causative applicatives

This paper investigates the extraction of an internal argument as the trigger in Tsou applicatives. It is observed that a locative applicative (LA) advances as the trigger an indirect object (IO), not a direct object (DO), whereas a(n) instrumental/benefactive applicative seems to advance either an IO or a DO. In this paper, I argue that the seemingly DO extraction in an IA is actually an IO extraction and that the DO is anteceded by an IO introduced by an IA head that functions as the matrix predicate of a complex predicate. The complex predicate analysis is supported by the fact that an IA with the seemingly DO extraction is required to take a ditransitive verb as its complement and receives a double transitive marking. The complex predicate analysis also applies to a double applicative, where an IA is stacked over an LA. A double transitive is believed to instantiate the well-motivated conceptualization of a transported theme/causand as an instrument and a double applicative that of a goal as a beneficiary.